Located in the heart of Indonesia’s Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumbawa is often overshadowed by its more famous neighbors like Bali and Lombok. Yet, this island is home to a rich history that dates back centuries, with numerous historical sites and ancient landmarks waiting to be discovered.
From remnants of ancient kingdoms to colonial-era architecture, Sumbawa is a treasure trove of cultural heritage, offering a unique glimpse into the past. In this post, we will delve into some of the island’s most fascinating historical sites, each of which tells a story of a forgotten era, waiting to be uncovered.
1. The Ruins of the Sultanate of Sumbawa
The Sultanate of Sumbawa was an influential kingdom in the 17th and 18th centuries, with its capital once located in the coastal town of Sumbawa Besar. While much of the kingdom’s architecture has succumbed to time, remnants of this once-great kingdom still stand in the form of historical sites scattered across the region. The Sumbawa Sultan’s Palace (Istana Sultan Sumbawa) in Sumbawa Besar is one such landmark.
Built in the 19th century, the palace is a fusion of traditional Indonesian and colonial architectural styles, with intricate carvings and expansive gardens. The site serves as a reminder of the island’s royal past and its significant role in local politics. Though the palace itself has been abandoned and is in a state of gradual decay, it remains an important symbol of the island’s history. Nearby, you can find the Sumbawa Grand Mosque, which also dates back to the time of the sultanate and still stands as a place of worship. The mosque, with its ancient architecture and historical significance, provides another insight into the region’s Islamic heritage.
2. The Gua Haji (Haji Cave)
Located in the hills of Dompu, the Gua Haji (Haji Cave) is an ancient site that offers a unique connection to the past. The cave is believed to have been a sanctuary for early settlers of the island, and it holds important archaeological significance. Inside the cave, you will find prehistoric rock art, including intricate carvings and drawings that depict the daily life, hunting activities, and spiritual beliefs of the people who once inhabited the area.
Scholars believe the cave served as a spiritual site for early communities, and it is likely that it was used for ritual purposes long before the advent of Islam. The cave, with its cool, dark interior and haunting atmosphere, is a fascinating place for history buffs and those interested in prehistoric art. Visiting Gua Haji provides a rare opportunity to step back in time and experience the ancient world of Sumbawa, offering a glimpse into the island’s first inhabitants.
3. The Remains of the Sumbawa Fort (Benteng Sumbawa)
One of the most iconic remnants of Sumbawa’s colonial past is the Sumbawa Fort or Benteng Sumbawa, located near the town of Sumbawa Besar. Built by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the 18th century, the fort was originally constructed to serve as a military outpost to defend the island from outside threats, including pirates and rival kingdoms. The fort’s walls, which are constructed from coral and stone, stand as silent witnesses to the turbulent times during the Dutch colonial era.
Today, the fort is a well-preserved relic, offering visitors a glimpse into Sumbawa’s strategic importance during colonial times. The fort’s strong walls and watchtowers overlook the surrounding hills and the coastline, offering spectacular views of the area. Though much of the fort’s interior has fallen into ruin, the surrounding grounds are still used for local events, adding to the site’s living history. Benteng Sumbawa is an excellent destination for those seeking to understand the island’s complex history, from its early Islamic roots to its role in the global trade networks during the colonial era.
4. Pintu Gerbang Bima (The Gate of Bima)
In the eastern part of Sumbawa, you’ll find the Pintu Gerbang Bima, an impressive gate that once marked the boundary between the ancient kingdom of Bima and the rest of the island. Bima was one of the most powerful kingdoms in Sumbawa, and the gate is an enduring symbol of the region’s royal heritage. Built from large stone blocks, the gate is intricately designed with motifs that reflect the rich cultural traditions of the Bima Sultanate.
While the gate itself is largely intact, the surrounding area is home to numerous archaeological remains, including old royal tombs and ceremonial grounds. The Pintu Gerbang Bima offers an opportunity to learn more about the historical significance of the Bima kingdom, which once held sway over much of the island and played a crucial role in the trade and cultural exchange between Java and the surrounding islands. The site is also a great spot to explore the surrounding countryside, where you can view traditional Sumbawan villages and enjoy the stunning natural beauty of the area.
5. The Tua Roka Village
The village of Tua Roka, located in the northern part of Sumbawa, is home to a remarkable cultural and historical site. The village is one of the oldest on the island, and its inhabitants still preserve many ancient traditions. One of the most striking features of Tua Roka is its traditional architecture, which remains largely unchanged from the time of its founding. The village’s bale (traditional houses) are constructed using bamboo, wood, and palm leaves, and their unique design reflects the cultural influences of both local and foreign traditions.
In addition to its distinctive architecture, Tua Roka is home to a number of ancient stone monuments and sacred sites. These include stone altars and megalithic structures that were used for ceremonial purposes by the village’s ancestors. Tua Roka provides visitors with an immersive experience of Sumbawa’s ancient past, as well as a chance to witness the island’s living traditions that continue to thrive in the modern era.
6. The Tomb of King Tambora
Located near the Tambora Volcano, the Tomb of King Tambora is a significant historical site for those interested in the story of the infamous eruption in 1815. The tomb marks the final resting place of the last king of Tambora, whose kingdom was tragically destroyed by one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history. The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 not only caused the collapse of the kingdom but also resulted in the death of tens of thousands of people and a catastrophic climate event known as the “Year Without a Summer.”
The tomb site offers a poignant reminder of the powerful forces of nature that have shaped Sumbawa’s history. The area surrounding the tomb is now a quiet, reflective spot, with views of the majestic volcano in the distance. Visiting this site allows you to reflect on both the resilience of the people of Sumbawa and the transformative impact of the Tambora eruption on global history.
7. The Ancient Village of Raba
Located near the town of Raba in Bima, this ancient village offers a rare look at Sumbawa’s pre-Islamic culture. The village is home to traditional Toraja-style houses, which feature tall, sweeping roofs and intricate wood carvings. The village is a living museum, where visitors can witness the traditional customs, dances, and rituals that have been passed down through generations.
Raba is also known for its historical artifacts, such as old weapons, tools, and pottery, which can be found in the village’s small museum. These items provide valuable insights into the island’s early history and offer a window into the lives of its first inhabitants.
Conclusion
Sumbawa’s historical sites are not just remnants of a bygone era but living testaments to the island’s rich cultural heritage. From the remnants of royal palaces and ancient tombs to the sacred caves and megalithic structures, each site reveals a different aspect of Sumbawa’s fascinating past. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a culture lover, or simply someone seeking to explore Indonesia’s hidden gems, Sumbawa offers an unforgettable journey into the heart of forgotten heritage. For those willing to venture off the beaten path, these historical treasures provide a rare and authentic look at Indonesia’s diverse history and culture.